15个辅音发音规则

辅音发音错误的主要原因： 1.这些音在你的母语中可能并不存在； 2.即使存在于你的辅音，发音可能与英语也不相同

规则一：发准每一个音，不要走捷径（fully pronouncing each sound）

I need five dollars.
Pro ba bly
general
数字基本都是要发准辅音：seven, t w e l ve

规则二：清辅音和浊辅音（voiced and voiceless consonants）

类型	辅音
用声带振动的辅音	/z/ /v/ /t/
声带不振动的辅音	/s/ /f/ /d/

在有些语中，发生的音不出现在词末，只存在于词首和词中
five, Ed/ɛt/
发音的音前面的元音比较长（vowel is longer before voiced consonant）

在结尾发音的辅音，元音拉长，eyes/z/, bag
在结尾不发音的辅音，元音不用拉长，ic/s/e, back

对比如下

辅音不发声+元音不用拉长	辅音发声 + 元音拉长
safe	save
pick	pig
lock	log
light	lied
leaf	leave
cup	cub

规则三：”TH”的发音

/θ/的发音有点像/s/，是voiceless的，发音技巧是舌头碰触到上面
/ð/的发音有点像/z/，是voiced的，发音技巧是舌头与上齿不要太紧，让气流出来，例如bath
/θ/和/ð/的发音，舌头确保碰到牙齿，/s/和/z/舌头是不碰到牙齿的

常见的错误是将/θ/和/ð/发音为s，z，比如south; 另外也不要太用力，否则就发音为t和d

位置	示例
结尾	bath, both, math
句首	Thank you, Thursday
句中	father, mother

I’m thirsty. Is there anything to drink in this place?
I thought it was a Thursday at three thirty.
This is my fourth month studying math.
Both my mother and my father are healthy.
I think Matthew lives in the north.

总结：th发音与舌头的位置有关系，确保舌头与牙齿的接触是轻轻地。

规则四：”L”的发音

位于词尾部的时候，比较难，美式不发音，比如call，bill，不发/la/的音

发音技巧：释放舌头，让舌头触碰上齿的背面。然后让舌头停留在那。 所以，美国的”L”音延长了，发音更轻，更长（prolonged and softer）。

亚洲人尤其注意”L”没有放在词末，错误的发音为/cawh/，而不是/call/。 所以，错误的做法就是舌头放在了下面，词末没有使用舌头发音，要听到清晰的”L”音。
feed，school, 发音不要发/schooh/, 而是/schoool/，卷起舌头，位于上齿的后面。 然而，卷起舌头后，不要把舌头拉太远，否则发音像”R”，比如wall vs war。

feel，ill，awful，film，little，animal
I’ll call you to tell you about the film.
I feel terrible about the political scandal.
I think I’ll be able to handle it by myself.
You’ll do well at school.

总结：拉长L的音，舌头位于牙齿的后面

规则五：”R”的发音

英式发音，最后一个”r”一般不发音，但是美式中，永远发音。比如，four

发音技巧：舌头不能碰触上齿的顶部，舌头卷曲，向后面拉（curl tip and pull it back）. /er/ four hear

位于词末和另一个辅音前，都不会是无声的

lear n, Ger man, Robert, Parker, first, person

Their computer isn’t working.
I gave her four other pictures.
Her fourth birthday is on Thursday.
There are many more over there.
We were the first to arrive at the park.

总结：要发响亮清晰的”er”音，把舌头卷起来，缩回去

规则六：”W”的发音

发音技巧：卷起嘴唇，要有大量的气流经过，确保你的声带振动。从你的肺部呼出气流，有点像吹气球。
wait，常见错误，使用下唇，和用下唇去触碰上齿，会改音。wine vs vine

常见单词：welcome，always

kw发音，q-u组合发音kw，例如：quick, question, require, quality, liquid, quick

What do you want to do this weekend?
I’m always required to work on Wednesday.
She will wear a white wedding dress on her wedding day.
I have a quick question about the quality of the watch.
There are always twelve women with the children.
We wish we were with our wives.

总结：双唇卷动，气流中出

规则七：”V”和”W”的发音

/v/ 下唇要碰触上齿，不要把下齿咬的太紧，只有几分空气的振动。

常见的错误：

• 有些人没有使用下唇，have，vote，very
• 发音较快，丢掉v，例如：involved，five months
• v在中间时，比较难发音，例如：eleven，seven

He’s very involved in their lives.
I’ve been here from five too seven hours.
I will visit the village on my vocation.
Have you viewed the five videos?
We will review their votes in november.

很容易混淆v和w，例如vest和west。区别在于是否碰触和双卷

vow - wow
vet - wet
vine - wine
vest - west

twelve, vowels, five, women, very, weird, west, virginia
however you wish
I’ll have wine with the veal.

规则八：”S”和”Z”发音

has，末尾是s，但是发/zuh/音，再比如bags，发音/zuh/。
如何区分”s”和”z”:
看”s”前面的辅音字母是发声的还是不发声的。 如果前面辅音不发声，那s也不发声，例如books，即一个不发声的音跟着另一个不发声的音。

laugh/f/s => /laughs/，不发音的likes，cooks，doctors，mats
lives => /livez/，发音的feels，cares

问题：如果单词的最后一个字母不是辅音怎么办？例如，has 当存在元音时，读音是’z’，有例外，但是这是一个大规律，例如: is=>iz

was, because, these, those, please, always

s发音为z的例句：
He plays the drums on the weekends.
She has friends in many countries.
Does he always use those things.
It rains and snows in these areas.

规则九：停顿和连读音

辅音的分类除了从发声和不发声区分外，还从停顿或连续音来分类
停顿是一个辅音通过气流的流动来发音，例如job，b停顿；连续例如Yes->Yessss

区分停顿和连续的重要性：

• 当发连续音时，很多人会搞错，把连续音当成停顿，把辅音分成了两半，直接把单词读出来。
  例如：sometimes，不要念的太快，太紧促，连续音要延长。再比如have
• 当停顿的后面跟着另一个辅音时，不要释放，例如pop music -> /po music/.
  当我们释放双唇(停顿)时，听起来像添加啊了一个额外的音节进去，例如：job market, had this

  Job hunting
  top model
  good boy
  that day
  not bad

• 末尾的t停顿

  No, it’s no(t)
  I’m not that hot.
  quiet right
  can, can’t, I can’t go/do it.

I want that blue hat.
Robert, you might be right.
It’s not that different.
What did you eat last night.
I can’t wait for that flight.

重点：保留最后的停顿，把舌头固定在上齿的后面，发t或d或和尚嘴唇，不要释放气流

规则十： 两个原因之间的”T”

city /cidy/, ability /abilidy/, better /bedder/, water /wader/, it is /id iz/
t听起来不发tah，而是duh

当T处于两个原因之间时，听起来更像D音。这种情况也出现在独立的单词之间，例如：Yes，it is.

water, aut(d)omat(d)ic, metal

I got up at eleven o’clock.
Do you want to get in or get out.
I bought it at a computer store.
What a nice day it is.

规则十一：T+N组合

当T的后面跟着N时，T是要发音的，把舌头保持在上齿的后面，不要发下来. 保持舌头在这个位置，然后直接发音，例如written /wriddn/. 使舌头向前直接发”en”的音。

要点：抬起舌头，保持住不要放松，让空气从鼻子经过，发出en的音

mountain, batten, curtain, catten

I am certain that’s the tallest mountain.
My cotton shirt has buttonss.
I have forgetten when the book was written.
Martin was born in Great Britain.

规则十二：”ING”发音

ing, going, doing, thinking
当你发ng音的时候，g在后面，舌头碰到口腔内侧，然而这个g音放得不算太开。 所以，当你发g音时，让这个音停留在那。

• 不要发goingg
• 不要不发g音，不正式

重点：把舌头抬起，放到内侧，并让它保持这个状态。如果你松开，也只能一点一点地松开。

thinking, working, practising, interesting

I am thinking about buying the ring.
Who are you bringing to the wedding.
I love swimming, running, and playing tennis.

记：不要释放舌头，发n音时不要让舌头回到前面。这是一个舌头在后面发出的音，”ng”

规则十三：”TR”和”DR”的发音

有时，当遇到2个辅音时，我们把两个辅音放到一起，发一个全新的音。

当’t’和’d’后面跟着辅音’r’时，组合成一个新的音。

• try -> “ch”, tr = chr，但是发音语气更轻，例如travel, tradition, introduce, control
• dry -> “jr”, dr = jr /dʒ/, 例如，drama, drop, drastic, address, hundred, sandra

Is it true that you took a trip to Detroit.
That was an interesting trick.
Children, don’t drop your drinks.
I hope my dream comes true.

规则十四：”TU”和”DU”的发音

• 当t后面跟着u时，发”ch”音，例如: actually, statue, nature, picture
• 当d后面跟着u时，发”jew”音，例如: graduate, graduation, educate, schedule, individual

t + you组合，发音chew：can’t you => /can’ tyou/, aren’t you
d + you组合，发音jew：did you => /di dyou/, would you

Would you like to see the schedule?
Aren’t you graduating in the spring?
Can’t you see the statue.
Did you get a college education?

规则十五：”Ed”结尾的发音

动词过去式的ed结尾发音:

• waited -> ed
• stopped -> t
• robbed -> d

规则总结：

• 如果动词的最后一个字母是t或者d时，需要添加额外的音节。单词的最后一个字母起作用。

  needED, paintED, waitED, completED, countED, invitED

• 如果最后一个字母是清辅音（voiceless consonant），ed发音为t。例如，p就是清辅音。

  stopped, worked, parked, cooked, passed, laughed, pushed, watched

past和passed的发音，听起来是完全一样的

• 如果最后一个字母是浊辅音（voiced consonant），ed发音为d。例如，b就是浊辅音。 robbed, loved, realized, used, called

I painted /ed/ the walls and fixed /d/ the gate.
I cooked /t/ a meal and washed /t/ the dishes.
I attended /ed/ a party and danced /t/ all night.
He called /d/ his friend and talked /t/ for an hour.