节奏和语调的十五条规则

语调甚至比学习元音和辅音还重要，例子：It’s nice to meet you.

如果要重读一个单词，在语调上要更响亮，拉的更长（louder, longer and higher in pitch）.

十五条规则包括：

• 一个单词内的音节重读
• 句子中的单词重读
• 如何升高或降低语调

规则一：音节重度的基础

音节是语言的最小单位，有时包含元音，有时包含元音和辅音

如果句子包含2个独立的元音，那么就有2个独立的音节

单词seat只有一个音节无需考虑哪个重读，但是science有两个，Science
更多示例：audioVisual, Decade, Locate, Colleague, Detail, Female, parEnthsis, jaPan, Necessary, irAn, neCEsssity, sucCess, URban

有时一个单词从动词变为名词或形容词时，重读音节会随之变化

规则二：动词和名词的音节

对于有两个音节的单词，如果是名词，90%的情况下，第一个音节重读。

office, problem, window, paper, building, mother, father

如果是动词，大约60%-70%的情况下，第二个单词重读。

apply, agree, relax, complain, enjoy

record /Record/, I would like to get the new Record.
/recOrd/, I would like to recOrd that movie.
相似的还有，Object vs objEct

I hope to proGress.
You’re making good PROgress.
Did he inSULT him.
Yes, I heard the INsult.
Do you like that OBject.
No, I obJECT to it.
Is there a CONflict between them?
Yes, those two always conFLICT.
I want to presENT you to my family.
I will bring them a nice PREsent.
Do you have the INsert?
Where should I inSERT it?
Do you reCALL it? No, I have no Recall of it.

注意：多个音节的时候，通常都是第一个或者最后一个音节重读

规则三：”ATE”字母组合的单词

ate，组合的单词，如果是动词，发音有点像数字’8’的发音；如果是形容词或者名词，发音就是/it/或/et/

graduate, /graduate/ vs /graduet/, He’s a college graduate.
estimate, /estimate/ vs /estimet/, I would like to estimate the cost of this. Please give me an estimet of the cost.
articulate, /articulate/ vs /articulet/, He is a very articulet man.

estimate, seperate, approximate, negtiate, calculate, nominate, donate, delicate, chocolet, accuret, intimet

Did he graduate from college.
Yes, and now he’s in graduate school working on his PhD.
I will calculate it and give you and estimate.
I don’t think that number is accurate.
I think you’re exaggerating the amount.
That’s just an approximate estimate.
Thanks for the chocolate.
I really appreciate it.

规则四：后缀的重读规则

后缀就是跟在一个单词后面的字母组合额，例如：quick->quickly

• 如果单词以ese结尾，我们重读后缀，例如：chinese, japanese
• 如果单词以eer结尾，重读应该放在后缀，例如；pioneer, volunteer, engineer
• 如果单词以ique结尾，重读应该放在后缀，例如：antique, boutique, critique, technique
• 如果以ic结尾的词，不重读后缀，而是重读后缀前的音节，例如：realistic, electric, strategic, optimistic, terrific

从名词到形容词重读所发生的变化

Origin, oRiginal
Industry, inDustrial
mEmory, meMorial
fInance, fiNancial
prEsident, preSidential

规则五：非重读音节的作用

madam -> mAdm
problem -> problm
symptom -> symptm
album -> albm
doctor -> dOctr atom -> Adm, Adam -> Adm
photograph -> phtOgraph

拼写不一样，但是发音一样的单词：
lesson vs lessen
caller vs collar
profit vs prophet
seller vs cellar

以元音字母+m字母组合结尾，以及两个oo的单词，第一个音节重读，第二个音节降调。

去掉的字母表示弱化
economy -> icOnmy
memory -> mEmry
control -> cntrOl
contain -> cntAIN
develop -> dvElp
europe -> Eurpe
information -> infrmAtn
commercial -> cmmErcl

规则六：句子中单词重读的依据

句子中有某些单词我们是要重读的，这样可以产生美语中的自然节奏和韵律。

I will be driving to the market to buy something to eat.

• 实体词（content word）承载着句子要表达的意思
• 实体词周围的单词叫做功能词（function word），对句子没有影响

如果遇到2个实体词，通常第二个实体词重读

实体词重读，并且音调上扬
I got a job.
do me a favor.
let’s go for a walk.
did you do your homework.
Did you get it?
Did you see it? Did you see the film.
who stole it. who stole my money? who stole my money from me?

更多练习

I was dishing for her.
He’s fixing the car. He’s fixing the car for them.
I just get a new job.
I am so excited about it.
I couldn’t find one for a long time.
On the first day, I was really nervous.
There was so much to learn.
I’m working at the store.
I’m selling women’s shoes.
I started working there last week.

注意：重读一个单词时，声音更响，语调更长，不要使用过多的声调。

规则七：焦点词和虚拟分组（focus word and thought groups）

长句子包含多个实体词的情况，把长句子分成几个虚拟的组

I will be driving too the market / to buy something to eat.

• 焦点词是组内最重要的单词

停顿多发生在分组之间和出现关键词的时候

I was so tired / that I couldn’t wait / to get home.
If I forget to pay my bill / please remind me about it.
He wants to know / if you need anything from the supermarket.
Did you know it was snowing / in all parts of the East COAST.
When we climb / to the top of the mountain / we could see the ocean.

焦点词一般是分组之后的第一个词，通常是名词或者动词

规则八：怎么重读形容词和名词

当有形容词和名词的时候，英语通常重读的是名词，比如 It’s a hot day.

You did a good job.
I have a blond hair.
I’m wearing black shoes.

如果只有形容词，当然重读形容词

That was FAST. That was a fast FLIGHT.

如果名词前面有2个形容词，重读第一个形容词和名词。

BIG black DOG, ANGRY old MAN, LONG hot SHOWER

规则九：复合名词的重读（compound nouns）

复合名词是用2个单词来表达事物，强调第一个单词

CREDITcard, EYElid, EARring, EYEbow, FOREhead
HAIR style, HAIR color, Hair salon, Hair brush, BOOK shelf, LAP top, WINDOW frame

Please give me your PHONE number with the AREA code first.
My house has three BED rooms and two BATH rooms.
I got aa HEADache from the loud ROCK music.
The POLICE office was on a MOTORcycle.
After their WEDDING day, they went on their HONEY moon.
I bought a BIRTHDAY present for my ROOM mate.

记：形容词+名词，重读第二个单词，重读名词；当2个名词组成复合词，重读第一个单词

规则十：动词短语的重读规则（phrasal verbs）

• 对于动词短语，重读第2个单词，通常是介词，例如: pick UP, break DOWN
• 有时动词短语之间有一个介词或名词，例如: pick it UP, turn it ON, cross it OUT
• 有时动词短语等同于名词，重读第一部分，例如：WORKout

I found OUT about it.
can you look it OVER for me?
I’ll think it OVER and I’will call you BACK.
I can’t figure OUT why it broke DOWN.
when he grew UP, he moved OUT.

更多实例

make UP, I’m wearing MAKEup.
check UP, I went to a doctor to get a medical CHECKup.
break UP, They decide to BREAKup.
turn OFF, that’s the real TURNoff.
print OUT, i would like to print OUT the information, please give me the PRINTout.

规则十一：人名和地名

如果地名由2个单词组成，重读第2个单词，south AMERICA

los ANGELS, las Vegas, mexico CITY, south AFRICA, central PARK

人名也一样，重读姓氏，也就是第二个单词

george WASHINTON, barack OBAMA

当名词有3个单词时，重读最后一个单词

martin luther KING, john fitzgeraldd KENNEDY

更多练习

john WILSON and bob JONES went to south AMERICA.
cnetral PARK is in new YORK.
his father likes bob DYLAN, but his grandfather like frank SINAATRA.

记住：最后一个单词重读最多

规则十二：缩写词和数字

• 缩写词是有较长的名称缩写而来，例如: CNN, UCLA, PHD
  规则：重读缩写词的最后一个字母，并且要将缩写连起来像一个单词读

  ASAP, PC, DVD, CN, IQ, Parker /PAR-KER/

• 数字和缩写词一样，通常最后一部分重读，例如：fifty EIGHT

另外，扩展到电话号，生日，出生年月，节日

I went to work at 9:15 and came home at 5:45
flight 507 laX at 5:45
He was born in lA in 1987

规则十三：特殊强调的要重读

在某些情况下，如果处于某种原因，或你要突出某个意思时，要对这个单词重读。
例：this is the BEST ice cream i ever had
更富感情色彩，要确保别人真的明白你的观点。但是，不要过于频繁。
最后一部分的重读通常比前面的要强

规则十四：升调和降调（rising and falling intonation）

声调是你声音的起伏，升降。例如，all right，降调的话表示陈述，如果是表示疑问，就会升调

更多陈述性的例子：

i like it, i’m tired, have a nice day, i’m hungry, it’s cold outside

提问的语调，可以上升，也可以下降，主要取决于问题的类型

• 回答是Yes/No类的问题，声调是升的，例如：Are you happy?
• WH开头的问题，都是降调，WH前缀的包括：when, where, why, what, how

Are you angry at me? Why are you angry at me.

规则十五：声调到的变化

在句子里面，声调可能会发生变化交替

• 在列举多个物品的句子中，列举的每个物品的都要升调，最后一个降调，例如： i bought chicken, fish, apple, and sugar at the supermarket.
  另外，当你是升调的时候，对方就知道你没有说完，声调降了，说明你说完了，例如：
  i wake up, ate breakfast, i went to work.
• 对于引导性的文字，我们使用升调（introducing words），例如：
  on the other hand（升）, maybe i’ll go.（降）
  if you ask me（升）, i think it’s a good job.（降）
  if i were you, i would talk to him.
• 当你给别人提供选择时，也是用升降调，例如：
  should i call you(升) or sent you an email?（降）
  do you like chicken or beef?
  does he have green eyes or blue eyes?

更多练习

are you married(升) or single？（降）
they have four children ages seven nine eleven and fourteen.
i went to the gym, came home, and called my friends.
as far as i know(升), i’m not allergic to anything（降）.
according to the weather report(升), it’s going to rain（降）.